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AN 
EPITOME 

OF 



BEING A CLEAR AND CONCISE VIEW OF THE SCIENCE ; SYSTE- 
MATICALLY AND SYNTHETICALLY ARRANGED 
AND ANALYTICALLY APPLIED ; 

Together with a 

PHRENOLOGICAL CHART 

of the head of 



M 



as examined by 



BY E. fl. SANFORD, 

M 

PRACTICAL PHRENOLOGIST, 

and author of 

"PHRENOLOGICAL CHART." 

Know thyself.— The proper study of mankind is man.* '—Pope. 



FOR SALE AT 

DEWEY'S NEWS ROOM, Rochester, N. Y. 

AND BY 

GROSH & WALKER, Utica, N. Y. 

Printed by Hammond & Cunnington, Rochester, N. Y 
£ 1844, 



PREFACE. 



The Author deems it unnecessary to offer an apology for the ap- 
pearance of the present epitome, when he takes into consideration I 
his frequent solicitations for the publication of a small work ofl 
this kind, and also when he considers the order and arrangement] 
of the Chart ; the organs, too, being expressed in nine different} 
degrees of developement, so that the feelings and intellect of any 
individual is printed out at length, and which is peculiarly adapt- 
ed to the desires and necessities of those who wish to study 
character as well as those who are practical and theoretical phre- 
nologists. 

The Author has not designed to treat of the subject to so 
great a length, as have been the case with those excellent Phre- 
nologists, Messrs. Fowler, and others, though the description of 
the different degrees of the development of the organs are at more 
length than any we have yet seen ; and should the present work 
meet with a cordial reception, the larger work will soon be is- 
sued, and the design of the Author will be accomplished. 

E. H. S. 
Rochester, N. Y„ March. A. D., 1844. 



EXPLANATIONS. 

The Scale used in this Chart is from one to nine, the medium^ 
five, and the person filling it out, will mark a dash, (or other 
character,) opposite the line or lines that are designed to re- 
present the character, and the' particular kind of intellect and 
feeling of the person examined. This mark may be made on 
the left hand margin, and the propelling power, &c, may be 
marked in conformity with the scale. 



Entered according to Act of Congress, on the 8th day of March, in the 
year 1844, by E. H. Sanford, in the Clerk's Office of the Dis- 
trict Court of the Northern District of New York 







PHRENOLOGY. 

Phrenology is derived from two Greek words, which signify 
mind and discourse, and is (considered by Phrenologists as) a 
correct Philosophy, or medium, by which TO ARRIVE at the 
MANIFESTATIONS of the human mind. 

It teaches, 

I. That the brain is the seat of the mind. 

II. That the mind operates with the brain : or, in union with 
matter. 

III. That the brain is endowed with & plurality of innate facul- 
ties. 

IV. That each of these faculties bears a constant and uniform 
relation, other things being equal, to the size of such organ or 
faculty 



V. That the skull, (or cranium) corresponds so nearly, with 
the form and development of the brain, that the size of the dif- 
ferent organs can be accurately ascertained during life. 

The manifested mental characteristics of men depend upon 
certain conditions : some of which follow. 

I. THE STRENGTH OF THE SYSTEM. 

The strength of the system is very important; and probably 
no Phrenological condition is so necessary for the manifestation 
of mind, as a STRONG, COMPACT, and VIGOROUS consti- 
tution. 

The system may be divided anatomically and physiologically 
into three parts, viz : " Q ' 

I. The Cephalic. 

II. The Thoracic. 

III. The Abdominal. 

I. THE CEPHALIC, 

This is that part of the system above the neck. ft is the seal 
of the nervous system a'nd the center of sensation. The head 
proper constitutes this part or region, which contains the brain, 
in which are found the roots of the cranial nerves, the blood- 
vessels which supply the different parts, the medulla oblongatta, 
<fec. It is in this part that all mental phenomena occur. From 
it proceed all the fbreesof innervation, and the principal muscles 
of expression originate in this region. The brain is the center 
of nervous energy, which is distributed through the whole sys- 
tem : and when it is too large, the organs of the brain are too ex- 
citable, nervous, rapid, changeable, and self exhausting. Ac- 
tivity is their element, and speedy exhaustion the result. 
They can make a quick and vivid effort, but in as much as they 
depend upon other p^»rts of the system for nutrition, the mere 
nervous effort cannot be lasting. And where this region is large 
in proportion to the Thoracic and Abdominal regions, nutrition, 
which is the base of support to nervous energy, is comparatively 
wanting, and, consequently, the mind will partake of little ener- 
gy ; but will be languid, feeble, weak and inefficient. This 
part should be well attended to in conducting examinations: for a 
v.ory large brain, where the system is badly proportioned As a sure 



sign of a weak mind. Where the brain is too small, the mental 
faculties have no range, and the influence of the individual will 
be in proportion. But, where the head is in exact symmetry with 
the other regions or parts, and other conditions are favorable, the 
disposition will be praiseworthy, the feelings harmonious, the 
Intellect good, and, in short, the individual may be considered 
as one of nature's noblest sons. 

II— THE THORACIC. 

This region is bounded by the ribs, the osternum, the dorsal 
vertebrae, the throat aDove, and the diaphragm below. It con- 
tains the Heart and Lungs ; which are the centers of circula- 
tion, and respiration. Upon these processes depend nutrition, 
oxygenation of the blood, and consequently, animal heat and 
renovation of the body in its constituent elements. If this region 
is comparatively too large, there will be a strong arterial circula- 
tion of the blood, which is more conducive to Physical action 
than mental manifestation : the blood rushes through the brain 
with too much force and rapidity : the blood vessels are too full, 
and too highly impregnated with oxygen : and is subject to the 
demands of the involuntary organs. On the contrary, if the re- 
gion is too small, the system and brain are too poorly nourished ; 
the blood is not sufficiently oxygenated, nor imparted in suffi- 
cient quantity, and with the requisite velocity, to the more dis- 
tant organs of the body. The consequence is, that the power 
of digestion is inadequate to the wants of the system : an equal 
flow of rich blood, which is the base of support to the animal 
frame, being defective, imbecility of mind, and inactivity of 
body will ensue. And the individual will soon arrive at prema- 
ture old age. An average proportion is invariably necessary 
to the healthy action of mind and body. 

III.— THE ABDOMINAL REGION. 

This lies below the waist, or diaphragm ; embracing the or- 
gans of digestion, the liver, spleen, &c. : and extends down to 
the lower extremities. In these organs are performed many of 
the most important functions of organic life. The influence oa 



the cerebral development, resulting from a disproportionate de- 
velopment of this region, may readily be inferred. The appe- 
tite, and the organs in the posterior and inferior convolutions of 
the brain, are generally gratified ; where this region is propor- 
tionally too large. There is a thrilling, longing, or hanker- 
ing after something to stimulate and satisfy. Gluttony, Licen- 
tiousness, Dishonesty, Drunkenness, &c, are the result of over- 
action in these organs ; which are very liable to be over-acted, 
where the ABDOMINAL region is too large. Unequal size in 
favor of this region, tends to draw away the natural action of 
the encephelon ; and use the energy thus purloined for the grati- 
fication of the animal appetite. Where this region is too small, 
the Cephalic and Thoracic regions are deprived of the forces of 
nutrition and innervation : the cerebrum is weak in its action ; 
and the mind becomes more easily deranged by secondary caus- 
es. But, when this region is, considered in relation to the oth- 
ers, harmoniously developed, the tone of the system is equal, 
the secretions regular, the health easily retained, and the mind 
acU independently.. * 

Not only are we to take into the account the strength 
©f the system, in estimating character ; but, likewise, the 
TEMPERAMENT. And, perhaps, this is a condition, upon 
which, the manifested mental characteristic depends, nearly, or 
quite as much, as upon the strength of the system. And in fact 
the strength of the system itself ; as well as the relative develop- 
ment of the three regions, are, probably grounded in the rela- 
tive combination of the 

TEMPERAMENTS. 

The Temperaments are four in number ; viz : LYMPHAT- 
IC, SANGUINE, BILLIOUS, and NERVOUS. 

I.— LYMPHATIC • 

This temperament is indicated by a round form of the body, 
softness of the muscular system, repletion of the cellular tissue, 
full clear skin, even outline of person, light hair, languid and 



plethoric habits. It is induced by obstruction in the lacteous sys- 
tem, and derangement in the lymphatic apparatus : scarcity of 
bile, and difficulty in the chyliferous functions. 

It is accompanied by languid vital action ; with weakness 
and slowness in the circulation. The brain as part of the sys- 
tem, is also slow, languid and feeble in its action. And the 
mental manifestations are proportionally weak. This tempera- 
ment is peculiarly adapted to the development of morbid emo- 
tions of the affective faculties* 

. II.— SANGUINE. 

The Sanguine temperament is indicated by well defined form, 
moderate plumpness of person, tolerable firmness of flesh, light 
hair inclining to chestnut, blue eyes and fair complexion, with 
ruddiness of countenance. It is marked by a florid complexion, 
animated countenance, the blood of a living sparkling hue, well 
impregnated with atmospheric oxygen, great activity of the 
bloodvessels, through which the blood passes with- much rapidi~ 
ty. The brain partakes of its natural state and is active., 

It gives great energy of physical function, love of air, and 
out of door business), demands exercise and labor. It is more- 
conducive to physical, than mental exertion. Wrestlers, travel- 
ers, and business men. have this temperament generally., 

III.— BILLIOUS. 

The Billions Temperament is indicated by black hair, dark 
skin, black eyes, much firmness of flesh, hard muscles, and gen- 
erally rather spare form, with harshly expressed outline of per- 
son. It originates in the biliary apparatus and has an intimate 
relation with the organs of respiration. This temperament gives 
equal and strong impressions ; produces much strength rather 
than activity, to the organs, and sustains great intellectual 
manifestations. The functions partake of great energy of ac- 
tion ; which extends to thS* brain : and the countenance shows 
strongly marked and decided features. It is conducive to great 
constitutional strength and powers ot endurance. As examples: 
of this temperament predominating, may be adduced Nero^, 



Alexander, Brutus, Julius Caesar, Peter the Great, Cromwell. 
Charles 12th, Napoleon, and Mons. Guilliot. 

IV.— NERVOUS. 

The Nervous Temperament is recognized by fine thin hair,thin 
skin, small delicate muscles, quickness of physical and mental 
action, long and slender organic fibres, paleness of countenance, 
and oftentimes delicate health, irritability, restiveness, nervous- 
ness, elasticity, &c. The whole nervous systern is predomin- 
ately activ e; with much celerity of thought and feeling: and 
the mental manifestations are proportionally vivacious. When 
this temperament predominates, the person possessing it, is eith- 
er happy, or unhappy, from impulse ; great or imbecile, from 
necessity, and is characterized for Genius rather than Talent : 
could not undergo hardships, and is liable to nervous diseases. 
This Temperament is characteristic of all enthusiasts and: 
persons who are carried away by excitement. 

THE TEMPERAMENTS COMBINED, 

The four TEMPERAMENTS, which have been described, 
are rarely, if ever, found pure : but are variously combined ; 
and as the one, or the other predominates, the individual is said 
to possess the one or the other Temperament. The most com- 
mon combinations in this country, are, the BILLIOUS, NERV- 
OUS ; NERVOUS-SANGUINE ; and the SANGUINE- 
NERVOUS-BILLIOUS. The Lymphatic generally predomi- 
nates in marshy and humid districts. It is the characteristic 
Temperament of the Dutch in Holland, &c. As a general 
thins;, the Female possesses more of the NERVOUS, and the 
Male more of the BILLIOUS, or SANGUINE TEMPERA- 

MENT. 

The most favorable Temperament for Intellectual greatness, 
is the NERVOUS--BILLOUS--SANGUINE, which gives 
sufficient activity, combined with great powers of endurance, 
and a strong and energetic brain. The proportion in which 
these TEMPERAMENTS ought to be combined, m order to 
produce this result, is nearly equal ; the. NERVOUS predomr, 
nating, the BILLIOUS next, and, lastly, the SANGUINE 



ACTIVITY AND SIZE. 

Size gives power and momentum of intellect and feeling, 
whilst activity gives quickness and intensity and even a rest- 
less desire to act. The balance wheel of a watch moves with 
much rapidity ; but its size is small, and consequently its pow- 
er comparatively weak and so easily resisted, in fact, that its mo- 
tion may be stopped by the strength of a single hair. On the 
contrary, the beam of a steam engine moves slowly, but with 
such prodigious force that it can only be arrested by a gigantic 
effort. 

By activity we mean the vivacity with which the faculties may 
be manifested. It imparts intensity, quickness, celerity, and 
even a restless desire to act. And when this is accompanied 
by a large brain, and. other things are equal, such as education, 
circumstances, habits, diet, &c, the indi- 
vidual will possess a mind as impetuous as 
the lightning beam, as irresistible as the bril- 
liant, torrent, overwhelming' and taking pos- 
session of feebler minds, and impressing them 
irresistibly as with a feeling of gigantic pow- 
er like a 

DANIEL WEBSTER^ 

PROPELLING OR EXECUTIVE POWER. 

This depends upon Self-Esteem, Firmness, Approbativeness, 
Hope, Combativeness, and Destructiveness: which give deter- 
mination, ENERGY, STABILITY, ANTICIPATION, and a faculty to 

overlook, undertake, and surmount difficulties of an extreme 
character. When these faculties are once roused into action, 
they are to the intellect and morals, what wind is to the sail ? 
or steam to the engine. He who possesses them large, gener- 
ally drives what he undertakes, and will be noted for DECIS^ 
ION, PROMPTNESS, and UNYIELDING PERSEVER- 
ANCE, in action ' " 




TABLE OF ADMEASURE- 
MENTS. 



Circumference of head around In- 
dividuality and Philoprogenitivoness. 

Distance from ear to car over the 
ton of the head- 

From occipital spine to Individu- 
ality. 

From occipital spine to ear. 

From ear to Individ ualityi 

f :rorn. ear to Firmness. 

From Destructiveness to Destruc- 
tiveness. 

From Cautiousness to Cautiosness. 

From Ideality to Ideality. 

From ear to Comparison- 

SIZE OF BRAIN. 

EXCITABILITY- 

DEGREE OF ACTIVITY. 

organization;. ' 

Tempera mekts 
1. Lymphatic.. 
2 Sanguine 
3- Nervous.. 
4. Billions. 



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xn 



24,524, 



23,5 23,1 22,3 



22,3 21,9 21,6 21,3 

II 



15,5 15,3 15,1 ! H,3 14,814,2 14, '13,9,13^ 



8,2 

5, 

5,4 

6,4 

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6,3 
6,5 
6,2 



III 



4,9 
5,3 
6,3 

6,4 
62 
6,3 
6,1 



7,9 1 7.8 7,7 7.3 i7,2 17.1 
'4,7 j4,6 14,4 ;3;8 J3,7 '3,5 



5,2 ,5,1 
%2 ,6,1 

6,2 ko 

6.1 '6, 

6.2 6, 

6, |5,7 



5,. (4,9 ,4,8 |4,7 



T, 

3,2 

4,6 



5,9 |5,5 5,4 |5,3 .5,1 

5,9 '5i5 1^3 5,2 5, 

59 5,6 '.5^3 i5,2 1 5*1: 

5.8 5,6 15,4 15,2 5,1 

5,5 ,5,4 J5,3 .5,2 5,1 



SCALE OF SIZR 



1. Very Small. 

% Small. 

3. Rather Moderate. 

4. Moderate. 

5. Full. 

6. Very Full. 
%. Large. 

8. Rather Large. 

9,. Very Large. 



9 
CLASSIFICATION AND ANALYZATION OF THE 

FACULTIES. 

The faculties are divided into two orders ; namely^ 

I. Feelings, 

II. Intellect. 

Order 1st, is divided into two genera, denominated, 

I. Propensities, 

II. Sentiments. 

Order 2d, is divided into three genera, denominated, 

I. External Senses, 

II. Internal Senses, 

III. Reflective Faculties. 

We will now proceed to analyze the faculties. We shall do 
this in nine different degrees of development. 

ORDER I. 

GENUS I.— DOMESTIC PROPENSITIES. 

These create in us a social 
feeling, and form our family 
attachments. They originate 
sexual impulses, paternal ties, 
and strong friendships. They 
occupy the lower back part of 
the head or brain, 




AMATIVENESS. 
Reciprocal attachment and love for the other sex. 

1. Seldom or ever experiences this feeling. 

2. Feels but very little love for the other sex and but little 
desire to marry. 

8* Is rather deficient in sexual love ; may^have some ardor 
but no great strength of this passion. 

4. Thinks well of the other sex, yet will not make too great 
sacrifices for their welfare. 



10 

5. Thinks much of the opposite sex, and can enjoy their 
society well. 

6. Has considerable sexual passion, and is somewhat de- 
sirous to gratify it by promoting the happiness of another. 

7. Has quite a desire for connubial felicity. 

8. Has strong reciprocal love, and is discontented when de- 
prived of its gratification. 

9. Has strong sexual impulses, possesses this passion in the 
highest degree. 

Location. The Cerebellum. Discovered Try Gall. 

II.— PHILOPROGENITIVENESS, 
Paternal attachment ; love of young. 

1 . Has no Paternal love ; detests children ; would not make 
a kind parent. 

2. Feels very little interest in children, rather averse to 
their company. 

3. Has some interest in his own children, but little in those 
of others. 

4. As a parent, would have some interest in the company 
of children, but will not bear much from them. 

5. As a father is tender toward his own children but is not 
tf indulgent. 

/. Is fond of his own children but not partial to those o\ 
.fiers. 

7. Would make a kind parent and have much regard for 
his offspring. 

8. Is quite delighted with children and pets. 

9. Is excessively fond of children and would be likely to 
spoil, or at least, injure them, by excessive indulgence. Is 
fond of domestic animals. 

Location : This organ is situated in the posterior !o^e of 
the brain, and is separated from the cerebellum by a small 
membrane called the " Tentorium" Its development occu- 
pies all the occipital bone above the transverse ridge and oc- 
cipital protuberance. Discovered by Gall, 



ii 

III.— ADHESIVENESS, 

I Attachment, affection, or love for relatives and friends. Fondness 
for society. 

1. Cares but little for friends or relatives. 

2. Has but very little pure enjoy^nent in society of friends, 

3. Attachments are easily brcflen ; and is quite limited ia 
the feeling of social attachment. 

4. Can enjoy friends and society, for his own interest, but 
is not very remarkable for steadiness of attachment. » 

5. Is friendly and has some fondness for society. 

6. Is quite friendly — ^possesses considerable social feeling. 

7. Is highly sociable with a good degree of social feeling. 

8. Has warm attachments and steady friendships ; which 
give a firm grasp and shake to the hand. 

9. Mourns excessively at the loss of a friend. Too great 
a fondness for society and social intercourse. 

Location.^ Obliquely to the right and left of, and above Philo* 
progenitiveness. Discovered by Gcdh 

IV.— INHABITIVENESS. 

tore of home, and native place : patriotism, desire to remain or 
diveil in one place, 

1 . Does not have much attachment to one place of residence * 
is fond of traveling. 

2. Thinks about as much of one place as another. 

3. Has but little regard for his native place :. is rather rov- 
ing. 

4. Has some regard for home ; and is middling steady : but 
not remarkably so. 

5. Has some desire to dwell in one place. 

6. Can leave home although attachment to it is strong. 

7. Desires a local situation, is not fond of moving about. 

8. Has strong attachments to his native place ; and is not 
roving. 

0. Exceedingly opposed to change of local situation*--— 
Averse to traveling— desires to dwell in his native place- 



12 

Location. This organ is located a little below and under the 
superior angle of the occipital bone. Discovered by Spurzeheim. 

We now come to the selfish propensities. These, provide for 
and terminate in self-gratification. They occupy the lower 
part of the brain near the ear. 

Y:_CONCENTRATIVENESS. 

Sense of mental continuity. 

1. Wants application ; is fickle minded. 

2. Too volatile ; wants application. 

3. Is fond of variety ; don't wish to see and hear too much 
of one thing ; and will never show taste as a critic. 

4. Has too many kinds of business at a time; and can change 
his feelings without much effort : is fond of new friends. 

5. Has but little regularity of feeling. 

6. Can study several subjects at a time and scarry them 
alonff without confusion. 

7. Has a good degree of continuity of thought and feeling; 
and does not want in application. , 

8. Is rather inclined to rely on one truth or fact, in debate l 
holds on long and hard as a critic. 

0. Is prolix : is inclined to ultra notions; goes clear out to 
the extent of the subject ; is tedious and has much repetition. 

Location.— Above Inhabitiveness. and below Self-Esteem; 
Discovered by Combe. 

A.—VlTATIVENESS. 

Sense of life, love of existence, desire for immortality. See plate 
No. 1, page 1. 

1 . Looks on death coldly. 

2. Considers death as a mere common certainty ; but not 
So dreadful affair as is pretended. 

0. Is careless of health and life- 

4. Feels much indifference to life ; arid stfll less fcbtfu! 
death. 



13 

5. Looks upon death with some reluctance. 

6. Has middling strong attachments to life ; dreads anni- 
hilation. 

7. Appreciates the pleasures of life and has quite a desire 
to cling to them. 

8. Strong desire to live, with much fear of death. 

9. Looks upon death as the king of terrors : has a great 
desire for immortality : and shudders at the thought of death. 

Location. In the posterior, lateral inferior convolutions of 
the cerebrum : opposite the mastoid process. Discovered by 

Vim'ont. 

VI.— COMBATI v ENESS. 



Peeling of opposition, defence, resist- 
hnce. courage and resentment wJiicli char- 
ier iscd 






K. M. JOHNSON & ANDREW JACKSON. 

1 . Can withstand nothing, is coward iv, and easily discour 



aged 



2. Is pusillanimous and rather chicken-hearted. 

3. Has but little faculty to overcome difficulties or coun- 
teract opposition. 

4. Rather wants resolution, avoids contention, and has a 
mild disposition. 

5. Is not disposed to retaliate ; and is not delighted with 
wrangling disputes. 

6. Is not very cautious but energetic : is bold when aroused, 

7. Seldom ever courts or shrinks from opposition ; but will 
contend powerfully for interest. 

H. • Has a strong combative spirit : which originates in the 



14 

feeling of "let me and mine alone : h loves debate, and as an 
opponent is quick, spirited and efficient. As a financier is en- 
ergetic and unyielding. 

9. Is disposed to retaliate, fond of disputes and contention ; 
great pugnacity, and the most violent temper. 

Location. This organ is located behind Secretiveness and 
Destructiveness ; and beneath the posterior inferior angle of the 
parietal bones. Discovered by Gall. 

VII.— DESTRUCTIVENESS, 

Executiveness : ability to endure the sight of pain ; virulence, in* 
dignation, anal a disposition to remove and surmount obstacles. 

1. Is unable to cause or endure the sight of pain or dealh : 
is wanting in virulence, indignation, or force. 

2. Has but little disposition or ability to kill or destroy, is 
tame in feeling. 

3. Has no disposition to inflict pain. 

4. Would hardly hurt one if he could ; and would be 
troubled to if he would : the anger possessed is derided rather 
than feared. 

5. Is mild ; possesses but little of the vindictive ; and when 
angry lacks force and energy of character. 

6. Possesses some of the vindictive feelings yet lacks ener- 
gy of character .. 

7. Does not like to causes pain ; yet when aroused possesses 
some force of character and some severity. 

8. When called out feels deep toned indignation ; yet under 
ordinary circumstances will not willingly inflict pain. 

9. When provoked is vindictive, exterminating, and dis- 
posed to inflict pain : has great executive power, much viru- 
lence, rancor and indignation. 

Location. Above the ear. Discovered by Gall. 

VIII.— ALIMENTIVENESS. 
Sense of appetite, desire for food. 
1. Forgets to cat. 



16 



2. Has but little relish for victuals ; is dainty and particu- 
larly about food : " is more nice than wise." 

3. Is rather wanting in relish for food : is irregular at meals, 
and is subject to delicate health. 

4. Is not very particular about the kind or quality of food. 

5. Is fond of a good meal ; but is not an extravagant eater. 

6. Has a fair appetite : eats with some relish. 

7. Wants good food and a plenty of it. 

8. Desires regular meals, but is more particular about the 
quantity than the quality of food. 

9. Is rather fond of luxurious living : has a voracious appe- 
tite and eats with the keenest relish. 

Location. Before the ear, behind and above the Zygomatic 
process. Discovered by Crook or Hojppe, 

ORDER L 

GENUS II.— SENTIMENTS. 



The sentiments are divided into, —I. INFERIOR.— II. SU- 
PERIOR. 

L The inferior or selfish sentiments. 



These terminate to a great ex- 
tent in the gratification of self : al- 
though they are far less selfish 
than the propensities. They oc- 
cupy the superior posterior and 
lateral portions of the brain. They 
£re shown large in 




PHILIP, THE NOTOEIOUS THIEF. 



L6 

IX.— ACQUISITIVENESS. 

Desire for wealth ; anxiety to possess, 

1. Is idiotic in relation to money 5 and depends upon others 
/or support. 

2. Is slack in regard to pecuniary matters ; a spendthrift. 

3. Is a poor economist : has more " out goes than incomes." 

4. Is not very frugal, can get property easier than keep it. 

5. Likes money and property, hut is slow about getting it. 

6. Is fond of possession, but is not penurious. 

7. Has a desire for riches, is industrious, and fond of acquir- 
ing- 

8. Is very frugal and saving, pained to see waste and ex- 
travagance : and would be delighted with large possessions. 

9. Has an extreme miserly disposition : is very penurious, 
and desires to " keep what he gets, and get all he can." 

Location. Above and before Secretiveness, and beneath the 
anterior and inferior angle of the parietal bone. " Discovered 
oy Gall 

X.— SECRETIVENESS. 

Prudence to conceal that which should not be known, tact, policy 
management. 

1. Will not be likely to reveal secrets for the mind has 
none to keep : tells every thing. 

2. Has no secrets, is blunt, and speaks what should not be 
known. 

3. Generally wants a little help to keep even secrets he- 
longing tq self, much more those of others. 

4. Is generally frank and open hearted ; and is sometimes 
rather hasty in speech ; loves truth and fairness. 

5. Is somewhat prudent in speech and action ; but would 
be rather fond of notoriety. 



17 

6. Is a little reserved in feel- 
ing and can be made a confiden- 
tial of under favorable circum- 
stances, 

7. Has some tact and man- 
agement ; a little mysterious. 

8. Rarely reveals his feel- 
ings, emotions, or desires : is 
cunning, hypocritical, and sel- 
dom acts with perfect openness. 

9. Is very sly, deceitful, dark 
and reserved : a real adept in- 
disguising his sentiments and 
purposes, like 




AARON BURR. 



Location. Above Destructlvenes. and below Cautiousness. 
Discovered by Gall. 



XL— CAUTIOUSNESS. 



hesitancy : the origin of the iiut'nct of 



Sense of fear, danger, 
timidity. 

1. Is reckless of danger and future evil : courageous. 

2. Is not timid when exposed to ruin, or danger. 

3. Is reckless in action: hasty in speech, and generally in- 
cautious. 

4. Is liable to misfortune : imprudent. 

5. Has some caution, but often fails in business for the 
want of prudence : would be somewhat liable to engage in 
speculation. 

6. Repents too late : none too much prudence and circum- 
spection. 

7. Does not borrow much trouble: is not irresolute nor timid. 

8. Is careful, apprehensive, deliberate ; solicitous about 
circumstances, and sometimes hangs between two opinions. 

9. Hesitates, borrows trouble : is irresolute, circumspect 
tious, and tearful. 



Locati 



X 



cariv in the mi 



place where ossification begins. 



of the parietal bones ; the. 
Discovered by Gall. 



18 

XII.— APPROBATIVENESS. 

Sense of honor ; regard for. character and reputation 

1. Cares nothing for smiles or frowns. 

2. No affability ; is rather independent. 

3. Cares little for praise or popularity. 

4. Goes the way which suits No. 1 ; does not pay much 
regard to public opinion. 

5. Thinks but little of praise, though has some regard for 
popularity, and loves distinction. 

6. Enjoys approbation well, but does not sacrifice much to 
obtain it. 

%. Desires fame and applause ; yet has some independence. 

8. Is fond of fashion and display: is keenly alive to the' 
smiles and frowns of the public ? is very affable and polite. 

9. Has too great sensitiveness : is rather zealous : regards 
a good name as his all. 

Location. — Between Cautiousness, Conscientiousness, and, 
Self- Esteem. Discovered by QalL 

XIII.— SELF-ESTEEM, 



Self-respect; self-confidence; self-complacency; love of free- 
dom, liberty ', and independence. 

1. Has little confidence; is unassuming: wants independence, 

2. Is not sufficiently dignified ; lacks weight of character. 

3. Stands back and waits for a lead- 
er : is unassuming. 

4. Lets himself down ; says and 
does trifling things ; has some, but not 
much, force of character. 

5. Has some self-respect, but is not 
high minded. 

6. Has a good degree of self-confi- 
dence ; yet is not haughty nor unsocial. 

7. Considerable self-respect, inde- 
pendence. &<?., which characterizes 

5 " JOHN TYLER 




\% 

8. Has a high-toned, manly feeling, which despises mean- 
ness, and commands respect ; will be at the head or nowhere i 
is more inclined to look up than down. 

9. Is proud, arrogant, commanding, assuming and aristo- 
cratic. 

1 Location. At the vertex or top of the head; a little abore 
the posterior or sagital angle of the parietal bones. 
Discovered by Gall. 

XIV.— FIRMNESS, 

Stability, decision, perseverance : instinct to \ ( go a-head." 

1. Can not be relied on : wants stability. 

2. Has but little decision of character, 

3. Is not persevering to effect much, 

4. Is a little wanting in stability : gives out too soon. 

5. Is rather vacillating : yields too readily to the opinions 
of others. 

6. Has some decision of character, fortitude and persever- 
ance. 

7. Can generally be relied on; has ordinary perseverance. 

8. Is determined and stubborn when opposed : determined 
and unyielding. 

9. Has much self-will : is obstinate with invincible deter- 
mination. 

Location. The middle of the upper and posterior part of the 
sincipital region of the head. Discovered by Gall. 



20 



II.— SUPERIOR OR MORAL SENTIMENTS. 



These are the sentiments 
which constitute man a moral 
and religious being. The low* 
yr animals appear to be defi- 
cient in these sentiments. Of 
these we will now treat. 




XV.— CONSCIENTIOUSNESS, 

A feeling of justice, duty, honesty, and integrity, and desire that 
right should be rewarded and wrong punished. 

1. Does not regard justice, gratitude, or Integrity. 

2. Wanting in honesty and integrity 

3. No inclination to confess ; wanting in conscientious 
scruples of right and wrong. 

4. Lets interest rule : justifies himself: is apt to regar.1 du- 
ty only in feeling. 

5. Not very remarkable for compunctions of conscience, or 
grateful emotions. 

6. Has right intentions ; but their influence is rather tCK> 
limited. 

%. Is generally fair and conscientious ; yet, under great 
temptations might fall short. 

8. Loves truth and duty : is strictly honest, faithful, up>- 
right in feelings ; means well and cannot tolerate wrong. 

9. Is very conscientious ; rigidly honest ; possesses marked 
integrity, and can be safely trusted under all circumstances. 

Location. Between Cautiousness and Firmness, and imme- 
diately in front of approbate veness. Discovered hy SpurzJuix* 



21 

XVI.— HOPE. 

Anticipation of future success : expectation of future good. 

1. Is despondent : the future looks black. 

2. Is low spirited : has the " horrors." 5 

3. Borrows trouble : sees many obstacles in the way : re- 
alizes about all that is anticipated. 

4. Expectations feeble, and hopes limited. 

5. Is somewhat sanguine ; but realizes mostly what is ex- 
pected. 

6. Some cheerfulness and anticipation : but not a very large 
share. 

7. Is generally in good cheer: don't borrow much trouble. 

8. Bright anticipations of the future : makes large promises. 

9. Has very bright anticipations : builds scores of castles 
in the air: believes that every thing is for the best ; and looks 
beyond the confines of time to an eternity of blessedness. 

Location. Between Marvelousness and Conscientiousness. 
Discovered by Spurzelieim, 

XVII.— MARVELOUSNESS. 

Sense of wonder ; love of novels : instinct of "faith* '' ': belief 
in Divine Providences and supernatural agencies. 

1. Is sceptical ; rejects every thing that is mysterious. 

2. Is very incredulous : hardly believes any thing but what 
is seep. 

3. Believes but little, if any thing, that can not be account- 
ed for. 

4. Is a doubter till he sees and knows for himself. 

5. Is rather wanting in faith ; yet will believe when belief 
cannot be avoided ; relies much upon facts and first causes. 

6. Has a belief in things that can reasonably be accounted 
for ; and has some desire for the marvelous. 

7. Has a good degree of faith and desire for the marvelous. 
g> Is fond of the novel and believes quite readily. 

9. Believes in supernatural agencies and forewarnings : is 
very credulous, superstitious, and regards most things with 
wonder. 



22 



Location. Anterior to the organ (in front) of Hop©. 
Discovered by Gall. 

XVIII.— VENERATION. 

Submissiveness ; a disposition to venerate, respect, and adore c 
Supreme Being : deference to a superior. 

1. Has no reverence nor respect for a Supreme Being nor 
for men. 

2. Acknowledges but few superiors, and looks upon religion 
with little respect. 

3. But little seriousness ; wanting piety. 

4. But little inclination to respect the aged; or what h 
great and good in itself. 

5. Disregards religious creeds, forms and ceremonies ; and 
is not very serious nor respectful. 

6. Feels rather a greater sense of duty and justice than of 
worship : yet, generally speaks weil of religion. 

7. Is capable of enjoying religious societies ; treats equals 
and superiors with some respect. 

8. Loves to adore and worship God ; especially through his 
works ; treats every person respectfully. 

9. Is somewhat liable to religious enthusiasm : is respectful 
to all : sometimes too yielding and submissive .to the opinions 
and writings of others. 

Location. In the top of the head between Firmness and Be: 
nevolence. Discovered by Gall. 

XIX.— BENEVOLENCE. 



Charity, compassion, kindness. 
shown in the head of 



This 




H. KAEEISOX. 



1. Brutal, cruel, without kindness or humanity. 

2. Hard-hearted ; possesses much indifference to suffering. 

3. Cares little for the woes or wants of mankind. 

4. Is not noted for much benevolence or kindness of feeling. 

5. Has some compassion, but not much liberality. 

6. Would do offices of kindness, but would serve self first. 
. 7. Has a good share of sympathy for persons in distress ; 

hut likes to consult popularity and interest. 

8. " Is kind hearted and obliging ; and is glad to serve others 
even to his own injury. 

9. Possesses much more than ordinary share of humanity 
and kindness of feeling : entertains a feeling of benevolence to 
all. ( < 

Location. On the top and mesial line of the head, anterior 
to Veneration. Discovered by Gall. 
ORDER II. 
GENUS I.— EXTERNAL SENSES. • 

Sensation, sight, hearing, , taste, and smell. By means of 
these, men and animals are brought into communication with 
the external world. They serve as channels for the inlet of 
knowledge. We ft el by means of the nerves of sensation, we 
see by means of the optic nerves, wc hear by means of the audi- 
tory nerves, we taste by means of the gustavory nerves, and we 
smell by means of the olfactory nerves. When impressions are 
made upon these nerves, each pair conveys to the brain its own 
peculiar impressions. When these different impressions enter 
the brain, the mind, for the first time perceives their existence j 
and this phenomenon is called perception. 

GENUS II— INTERNAL SENSES. 

These senses, or terceptive faculties, procure knowledge 
of external objects, their various relations and physical quali- 
ties. We will first treat of the, 

SEMI-INTELLECTUAL FACULTIES. 

SUBLIMITY. 

Sense of the sublime, the grand and lofty facts in nature. 

1. Never awakened by any of the feelings common to this 
faculty. 



64 

2. •Takes no kind of interest in the grand and sublime scen- 
ery of the Universe. 

3. Is not delighted with the grandeur of natural scenery. 

4. Emotions of the sublime are not very marked, but on the 
contrary, almost wanting. 

5. Moderate emotions of the magnificent. 

6. Has some taste for the romantic. 

7. Somewhat fond of the picturesque, and grotesque in na- 
ture. 

^ 8. The " Fslls of Niagara,' 5 Old Ocean's roar, the forked 
lightning of h%&Ven, the maddened whirlwind of the serial re- 
gions, the wild crashing of the tempest, or the pealing shock of 
midnight thunder ; are all calculated to gratify. 

9. Is passionately fond of the wild, the romantic ; the grand 
and the awful : ideas of the star-spangled blue vault, of heaven, 
plurality of worlds &c, are very pleasing. 

Location. Between Ideality and Cautiousness. Discovered 
by Combe? 

XX.— CONSTRUCTIVENESS. 

Faculty and desire to invent, construct and build ; originality; 



1. Has no faculty for invent- 
ing : is destitute of mechanical in- 
genuity. 

2. Is awkward with tools and 
cannot build to advantage. 

3. Is rather wanting in origi- 
nality and cannot use tools with 
much facility. 

4. Is not as original as imita- 
tive. 

5. Is rather bungling and awk- 
ward : ]f compelled to use tools 
does as well as possible. 

6. Can imitate better than in- 
vent : has some ingenuity which 
is principally the result ofpracticc. 

7. Shows some dexterity in the use of tools and woui< 
some attempts at originality. 




EGBERT FULTON. 



lake 



25 



$. Is fond of mechanism and concocts many schemes which 
are fraught with ingenuity. 

9. Has a restless desire to improve, invent, &c. : is very 
fond of mechanism and possesses the first degree of mechani- 
cal skill. 

Location. Between the organs of acquisitiveness and tune, 
beneath the wing of the sphenoidal bone. Discovered by GalL 

XXL— IDEALITY. 

Perception of the beautiful : chaste and elegant taste and refine- 
ment effecting : desire for poetry and perfection. 

1. Has much coarseness and vulgarity of feeling. 

2. Has no taste nor refinement. 

3. Has but little fancy : is plain in his style : and has but 
little desire for improvement or for poetry. 

4. Has but little fondness for embellishments or imagery. 

5. Has some taste, but not enough to influence him to any 
extent. 

G. Has some fondness for poetry and, 
the beautiful, but nothing extraordinary. 

7. Is quite fond of the beautiful, and 
whatever is nice and refined in itself: 
las a lively imagination. 

8. Is fond of poetry, oratory, elo- 
quence ; any thing either impassioned ||g 
or effective : and bas inventive powers 
ns a poet. 

9. Is entirely wrapped up in the ide- 
al and fanciful : has rapturous and viv- 
id imaginations. 

Location. 




J. Q. ADAMS. 



Nearly along the lower part of the temporal 
ridge of the frontal bone, anterior to sublimity and below imita- 
tion. Discovered by Gall. 

XXII.— IMITATION. 

Ability to pattern after, mimic, imitate or copy,- 

1 . Wanting in the functions of this faculty. 

% Can not imitate copies, drawings,- sketches, &c. 



§9 

5. Dislikes to copy after others. 

4. Has a stiiTimitative manner : relates st ->ries and copies 
badly. *" \ 

5. Can copy some but not well. 

6. Can copy and pattern after some. 

7. .Has some disposition to imitate, but mimics with some 
difficulty : with some practice can copy tolerably well. 

8. Can pattern after, mimic, or imitate well: can do with 
once showing. 

9. Is a real mimic : can act out or copy any thing. 
Location. On each side of Benevolence. Discovered by 

Gall. 

Having treated of the semi-intellectual faculties we next 
co rue to the perceptive- faculties, which were extraordinary in 
the head of Washington, and large in J. Adams and Thos. Jeff- 
erson. 




THOMAS JS^FSIS^N. 



21 
XXIII.— MIRTHFULNESS. 
Wit, humor, and merited ridicule. 

1. Is sober ; averse to joking and laughing, 

2. Sensitive when laughed at. 

3. Does not appreciate the wit of a remark however ludi- 
crous. 

4. Too easily influenced by ridicule to abandon a chosen 
course, 

5. May blunder out some laughable remarks but not often. 

6. Likes to hear witty or ludicrous remarks. 

7. Has a good perception of the ludicrous, and is fond of 
jokes and pleasantry. 

8. Quick at repartee : makes much 
fun: can make time pass off agreeably and 
pleasantly. 

9. Is always ready with wit and fun ; 
extremely fond of the comical. 

Location. On the anterior superior and 
lateral part of the forehead. Discovered bij 
GalL J 

WASHINGTON IRVING, 

XXIV.— INDIVIDUALITY 

Sense of substantive things ) memory of names ; of things as in. 
dividual existencies and isolated capacities, 

1. Idiotic in the functions of this faculty. 

2. Sees no particulars and has no memory for names. 

3. Is not observing and knows little of the physical universe. 

4. Has little disposition to observe things as individual ex- 
istencies. 

5. Limited powers of observation and moderate desires to 
see and know 

6. Has fair memory of names when the mind is charged 
with them and exhibits some powers of observation. 

7. Can remember substantives without much difficulty. 

8. Can particularize and remember things separately : is a 
close observer 




28 

9. Is not liable to make mistakes, is constantly observing 
and quick in perception. 

Location. Directly above the root of the nose in the center 
pf the lower forehead. Discovered by Spurzeheim. 

XXV.— FORM, 

Memory for faces, forms, and drawings. 

1. Has no memory for forms or faces. 

2. Has a poor memory of faces and drawings. 

3. Can not form or sketch with any ease. 

4. Must see persons several times before their forms and 
countenances will be distinctly recognized. 

5. Recollects forms and countenances tolerably though not 
remarkably well. 

6. Has a fair perception of shapes and forms. 

7. Could, with practice, give good form and shape to any 
thing. 

8. Recognizes forms and shapes well and has a first rate 
memory of persons. 

9. Would be remarkable for drawing and giving the de- 
sired form ; always knows persons after seeing them once ? 

Location. Between the eyes. Discovered by Gall. 

XXVI.— SIZE. 

Knowledge of magnitudes, bulks and sizes, 

1. Has great difficulty in the ordinary use of this primitive 
faculty. 

2. Judges of relative size very inaccurately. 

3. A poor judge to measure by the eye. 

4. Has a poor mechanical eye and is rather a bad judge of 
size. 

5. With practice might exhibit some accuracy in the use 
of this faculty. 

6. Can measure the hight, breadth, magnitude, and length 
o( objects with some though not remarkable accuracy. 

7. Is good qbout measuring perpendiculars and horizontal* 



29 

8. Is distinguished as having a correct eye. 

9. Has a remarkable judgment of size : detects any thing 
that is not plumb, very quick. 

Location. At the internal c<?rner of the eye. Discovered hy 
Spurzeheim. 

XXVII.— WEIGHT. 

Judgment of equal- balance, of weight, c^c. .-. application of the h.w 
of gravitation 

1. Very deficient in this faculty. 

2. Has little ability in horsemanship and walks awkwardly. 

3. Maintains the center of gravity rather poorly. 

4. Is a poor marksman and can not carry a steady hand. 

5. Ventures very little upon dizzy hights. 

6. Can preserve the right balance tolerably well, though not 
remarkably sc. 

7. Preserves equilibrium well, and can ride a fractious 
horse. V; - 

8. Would be a good marksman : throws a stone, or ball, 
straight: can balance and preserve the center of gravity weir, 

9. Possesses this faculty in a remarkable degree : can ride 
a fractious horse, and perform many other balancing exploits. 

Location, In the superciliary ridge between Size and Color- 
ing. Discovered hy Spurzeheim . * 

XXVIII,— COLORING. 

Pcrccpiim of and "memory for colors, their different tints and 

shades. 

1. Can not tell green, from red. 

2. Can hot discriminate between colors. 

3. Can tell black from white, but seldom can quite well,, 
when applied to the hair and eyes of persons with whom he is 
acquainted. 

4. Calls on his friends to assist him when this faculty is call- 
ed into exercise. 

5. Does not notice shades much and when this is the case 
makes mistakes, 



30 

6. Can discern and recollect colors but seldom notices them. 

7. With practice judges of colors well. 

8. Likes to see various colors, with different tints and hues ; 
and is delighted with flowers and paintings. 

9. Would excel in painting or coloring ; is remarkably fond 
of beautiful colors. 

Location. Above the middle of the eyebrow : near the cen- 
ter of the superciliary arch. Discovered by Gall. 

XXIX.— ORDER. 

Perception of, and desire for,, system and arrangement, 

1. Cares nothing about order ; is slovenly. 

2. Is more fond of confusion and discord, than arrangement. 

3. Is not systematic : lacks order. 

4. Is negligent in dress ; likes but does not keep order. 

5. Has some order and some disorder, is not remarkable for 
either. 

6. Is sometimes systematic, but not very remarkable for 
neatness . 

7. Likes order much. 

8. Very fond of order and system : has a place for every 
thing and desires to keep every thing in its place, 

9. Is very precise about order and gets very much annoyed 
when things are confused and out of place. 

Location. At the external angle of the eyebrow, behind that 
of Color: and under the outer edge of the external angular pro- 
cess. Discovered by Spurzeheim. 

XXX.— CALCULATION. 

Desire for arithmetic : perception of and memory for. numbers. 

1. Is idiotic in this organ. 

2. Recollection of numbers very poor, 

3. Weak arithmetical talent. 

4. Is dull in figures and would not have a quick perception 
©f their relations. 

5. Not very quick in figures : rather slow and inaccurate^ 



31 

6. Might succeed in numbers by close application. 

7. Would make a good accountant. 

8. Would excel in numbers by practice : has a quick per- 
ception of the relation of numbers. 

9. Remarkably quick in computing by numbers : a quick 
accountant and natural arithmetician. 

Location; Below and laterally of order ; at the external an*, 
gle of the eye. Discovered by Gall. 

XXXI.— LOCALITY. 

Love of travel j memory of places locations and situations. 

1. Gets lost easily ; poor memory of places. 

2. Seldom observes locations or places ; has little geographic 
cal knowledge. 

3. Sometimes loses the point of compass and is liable to get 
lost : recollects places rather poorly. 

4. Has a limited recollection of places. 

5. Would not succeed without much application as a geo- 
grapher or astronomer. 

6. Recollects,, and finds places tolerably well. 

7. Remembers the locations and relative positions of objects 
well : and has some fondness for traveling. ' » " 

8. Has a roving mind and desire to travel and see different 
countries. 

9. Is even passionately fond of traveling and exploring, 
and never forgets places or situations. 

Location. Above Size and below and on each side of Eventu- 
ality. Discovered hy GalL 



32 



XXXII.— EVENTUALITY. 

A perception of, and memory for active phenomena ; incidents, oc 
enrrences in Jihtorj. 




ps^r 


=^ES=^ 


"j, |----^— ^ 


~r~ : : ■■.. 


"ijffifflr 


■BEaHBwfe^ = — . ~^r 


=-—— 




^iiPiCTK 


wwA 




aiiiii 


Mm 




% ;■' ) ' 


"-; : - N.-- 


. ;-i 


% sS* 


" 




m-. 


'" -; ' - : 


















. 










~ ''r.^ 




• " TT.Z 








*="---- 


=^^^^m 


■■It -.-.-' " 






-".-.:T. '-:-':"■ 




1t^=l_- ._ 







J- MONROE. 



J. MADISON- 




JUDGE STQ.fi I 7 . 




AMOS KENDALL. 



1. Recollects very little of what is seen and heard. 

2. A treacherous memory of history. 

3. Has a very indistinct recollection of historical facts and 
occurences of the day : and would make rather a poor hand to 
narrate them. 

4. Is" somewhat forgetful of incidents, facts and anecdotes. 
% 5. May recollect the leading events but forgets unimportant 

details. 

6. Has neither a bad nor a good memory of occurrences. 

7. Would do tolerably well as a historian. 

8. Is a good observer of occurrences and active phenomena: 
would be fond of narrating, has a desire to examine the leading 
events of active life. 



88 

9. Has an extraordinary memory of facts, history and news 
of the day : is a very close observer of men's actions. 

Location. At the center of the forehead above Individuali- 
ty. Discovered by .Gall. 

XXXIII.— TIME, 

Perception of the lapse of time : chronology : time in music* 

1. Can seldom tell his own age or the day of the week or 
month. 

2. Forgetful of time ; hence liable to forget appointments, 
$. Has rather a poor recollection of dates, time when &c. 

4. Rather under par in relation to the functions of this or- 
gan. 

5. May remember dates but not well. 

6. Has a fair recollection of dates. 

7. Would observe the duration and succession of events 
generally and can keep beat in music. 

8. Could succeed well in chronology. 

9. Is remarkable about remembering the lapse of time and 
can distinguish discord in music very quick : is always punctu* 
al to the time by intuition. 

Location. Above the organ of order under the center of the 
temporal spine or external angular process. Discovered by 
Spurzeheim. 

XXXIV.— TUNE. 

Sense of melody : fondness for music and musical harmony. 

1. Singing done by proxy. 

2. Is hardly able to distinguish one note from another. 

3. Takes but little interest in singing. 

4. Likes to hear music but cannot perform it well. 

5. Learns music but it comes hard. 

6. Has something of a perception of tones, but is not an ex- 
traordinary player. 

7. Would succeed well with practice enough. 

8. Learns music easily and is very fond of it. 



M 



9. Is literally enchanted with good music and detests dig- 
cord, and has the faculty to excel in music. 

Location. Over the organs of order and number at the tem- 
poral ridge of the frontal bone. Discovered by GalL 



XXXV— LANGUAGE, 

Sense of and memory for arbitrary signs and words , 
of expression in the communication of ideas. 

1. 
2. 
3. 

4. 

tell. 

5. 

C. 



volubility 



Cannot express ideas without extreme difficult} . 
Has but few words and hard work to apply even them. 
Can communicate thoughts, but not well ; far from it. 
Would never make a speaker : knows more than he can 



Has good common language, but few words. 
Can generally tell what he knows, but is not refined in 
expression. 

7. Has about as many words as ideas, but would not succeed 
as a linguist. 

8. Has great volubility of expression, and is a great talker : 
likes to hear good language. 

9. Would excel as a linguist ; has great copiousness of 
expression : is particular in speech. This organ i& large in 




J. C. CALHOUN. T. BENTON. J. K. FOLK. 

Location. In the anterior inferior convolutions of the cere" 
brum over the super-orbital plate, it presses the eye outward 
and downward. Discovered by Gall. 



S5 




GENUS III.— REFLECTING FACULTIES. 



These faculties are employed in contemplating, methodizing, 
and systematizing the ideas furnished through the medium of 
other faculties : and in deducing conclusions from them. A 
good development of these organs or faculties make the man of 
judgment, the sound reasoner, and the able philosopher. These 
are marked in a wonderful degree in the head of Franklin, 
when contrasted with the Idiot. 





THE IDIOT, 



FRANKLJX, 



3<J 

D.— HUMAN NATURE. 

Disposition and faculty to study human nature, and to arrive at 
the motives and characters of men. 

1. Is much wanting in this faculty. 

2. Has little or no desire to study human nature. 

3. Is much troubled to arrive |Mhe characters of men. 

4. Has but a limited talent for judging of the motives of 
men's actions : is liable to be deceived or imposed upon. 

5. Has but little desire to study the dispositions of mankind 

6. Has a fair knowledge of human nature, and might sue 
ceed in the study by very close application. 

7. Can perceive the motives and characters of men as well 
-as the majority of persons, and is somewhat of a physiologist. 

8. Is very suspicious, and would not be likely to be de 
ceived : is fond of, and would do well in, the study of humatf 
nature. 

9. Is remarkable for perceiving the motives which prompt 
men to action, cannot easily be deceived : might excel in study- 
ing the characters of mankind. 

Location. Between Comparison, Causality and Imitation. — 
Suggested by L. N. Fowler. 

This organ is not established ; but from' many observations 
we are inclined to admit its existence and location as suggested 
by Mr. F. 

XXXVL— CAUSALITY. 

Disposition and faculty to trace effects to iJieir causes ; sense of 
Causation. 

1. Can not reason from cause to effect. 

2. Mind is weak, and cannot think to advantage. 

3. Can not trace effects to their causes : is quite deficient 
in logical reason. 

4. Poor judgment ; deficient in originality .- 

5. Is not a good calculator, intellect rather obtuse. 

6. Has a desire to know causes, but generally gets them 
from others. 

7. Has good common sense, and believes there is a cause 
tw every thing ; is middling inquisitive. 



8. Has an active desire to ascertain causes ; wants every- 
thing explained ; and desires the why and wherefore. 

9, Is fond of metaphysics, and has a deep penetrating mind, 
is original, and always in study, and has an over anxious de- 
sire for knowledge ; is a natural philosopher, and has great 
profundity of thought. 

Location. Between Mirthfulness and Comparison. Dis- 
covered by GalL 

XXXVIL— COMPARISON. 

Analogical reason ; critical acumen : poicers of contrasting and 



illustrating. 



Large in 




HENRY CLAY 




ure:t. 



1 . Idiotic in 

2. * Possesses no discriminative power. 

3. Cannot draw proper distinctions in argument, analyze, 
nor criticise. 

4. May observe obvious distinctions, but overlooks others. 

5. Perceives striking analogies, but does not abound in simi- 
les or figures of speech. 

6. Illustrates and discriminates tolerable well. 

7. Observes analogies and classifies thoughts and phenom- 
ena well. 

8. Has a happy talent for criticising and illustrating : points 
out resemblances, and is fond of apt comparisons. 

9. Reasons almost entirely by analogy, is a great critic, 
and has wonderful powers of analysis ; is quick in detecting the 
known from the unknown, and would make a severe opponent. 

Location. In the middle of the superior part of the fore- 
head. Discovered by Gall, 



"■nHNliiiu 

027 324 962 A 



NATURAL LAWS. 

This person, according to the Natural Laws, should marry 
one of a Temperament. 

9 

* • 



TESTIMONIALS. 

11 It may be stated briefly that, the purpose of the Science of 
Phrenology is to give to man a knowledge of himself; and to 
point out the true method of studying the mind, and of direct- 
ing and applying its energies to proper uses.'' " Phrenology 
is a study which tends eminently to virtue, in particular it 
teaches toleration and mutual forbearance. 57 — Macnish. 

Spurzeheim being asked " what peculiar effect his system 
(of Phrenology) had upon his ow r n mind, he said, that without 
it he should have been a misanthrope ; that the knowledge of 
human nature had taught him to love, respect, and pity his fel- 
low beings.'* 

" I speak literally, and in sincerity, when I say, that were I 
at this moment offered the wealth of India, on condition of 
Phrenology being blotted from my mind forever, I would scorn 
the gift ; nay, were every thing I possessed in the world placed 
in one hand, and Phrenology in the other, and orders used for 
me to choose one, Phrenology, without a moment's hesitation,, 
would be preferred." — Coinbe. 



